Monday, August 30, 2004

I'll make a comment on the Comments

A response to the truly "Anonymous":

I think it's quite a keen observation, about students feeding on ignorance -- like vultures you say -- an image that does imply that their quarry (would you even call it that since vultures don't hunt) is already dead and, well, rotting. The image is "productive" (a word I'll come back to later) in that it proposes that ignorance alone is not that which students will pounce upon and have for lunch ... It's ignorance that possesses stale, rotting air about it. It is an ignorance that refuses to budge from its position of not knowing, that refuses to move from the assumption of its "rightness", in spite of its incomplete knowledge, that students sense in teachers and love to tear apart. Then again, like vultures, I don't think many students actively engage most teachers about their own ignorance. Instead, they take a nibble here and a bite there whenever they can, rather opportunistically. In fact, an out and out showdown in the open, that would actually be healthy, I think for classrooms where the students are less than satisfied with the quality of the teaching / teacher.
Second, "hunk!?!?!" As Harris would point out, "hunk" is significant, not because of what it means denotatively but because of its contextual significance. Here, one finds the opposition between a "paragidmatic" versus a "syntagmatic" view of language. After more than one year of playing out the "hunk" ritual while morning announcements take place ... hey "hunk" comes to represent a lot more.
Third, "ewww how proletarian." "Proletarian" followed by "ewww", what does one make of that? A certain disgust? A mocking, screwed up face? The danger of the following comments is that they may romanticise poverty and the working class but I firmly believe that to use the "proletariat" as a marker of derogation, designating the working class as a demonised and impoverished "Other", is an indication of the commodity culture that has infected our societies. To think of the "proletariat" as the lower classes, is indicative of a class consciousness that is a product of affluence. Not a revolutionary class consciousness as Marx would have, but a lackadaisical assumption that the working class and their concerns can be readily dismissed. "Ewww how bourgeois" would be my response. Now if the comment had said "Ewww how 'village people' " ...
Last - to tie it all up (through an amazing stretching of ideas / boundaries). The students where I'm teaching at, BMCC, ARE the proletariat. They don't have nice cushy backgrounds. They come to school for an hour in the morning, work a normal work day, then come back for another lesson at night. I don't know how much "passion" one can have for ideas / abstractions given that kind of challenge. It's a real challenge for me, coming from a background of immense academic privilege, to locate myself in that kind of classroom, not in a condescending manner, but in a manner where I can help these students achieve their goals (which is a college degree so that they can get a better job ...) To push the argument further, the question of whether Lit is at all relevant to the concerns of the "proletariat", is fundemental, in helping these students see that the knowledge they acquire in the classroom is worth their commute, is worth the baby-sitter that they had to employ, is worth the overtime pay they they're missing out on. Lit Crit has, for too long (in the Singapore school system at least), been confined to the narrow formalist modes of the New Critics who believed in texts as "Artistic works, complete, whole objects" to be appreciated, mixed in a little with some reader response theory -- "what does this wonderful work of art say to your emotions". But very little has focussed on an ideological- productive view of the literary ie, how literary works, in their production, consumption and intepretation, demonstrate the class biases of a society or indicate ways that might abolish inequalities. Does thinking about "Hamlet" force one to think about the patriarchial systems that dominate modern society are a product of inbreeding and incest (culturally speaking)? A critical reading framework that takes into account Marxist theory and cultural materialism is needed to unmask some of the hegemonic ideological illusions that bourgeois readings have promulgated.
Is it all worth it, these intellectual acrobatics? Or as the pencilled margin notes in this book that I just borrowed "The Body In Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World" put it, is it all "meaningless mumbo jumbo" ...?
To Harris and Andrew (who also posted comments) -- don't feel left out ok?

25 comments:

Anonymous said...

Hie, is it I again. Suffice to say I am a secondary school student, and I think this particular entry is not a whole lot of mumbo jumbo.

I find that my study of literature has become a detailed process that can often stifle. Can a narrative be divided up entirely into functional units? Hmm... I don't know if it would be safe to say that until now, most schools practise formal criticism (work as an entity) and the breaking down of constituents to find what coheres "the whole", and perhaps they dabble in archetypal criticism by comparing different genres and establishing generalisations about certain literary devices. It has become almost amusing how we can pick out tools like 'repetition for emphasis' and 'euphony' and 'alliteration', and it seems that that is all literature means to most people. The schools, have however, tried to bring up the reader-response theory in the form of impressionistic criticism - we have an intimate relationship with the text, but a disturbing point is that it ends there - as you said, emotional response. I do think that mimetic criticism should be introduced so we can relate literature more effectively to the external world. Even for our other subjects in school, exploration and versatility are often not provided. For the sciences, too many classical concepts. Curriculum differntiation has always been a worry what. I can't really cogeal what I am trying to say here...

Ok I am rambling, all I wanted to say was that I agree with some points raised in your entry, and thanks for enlightening me on contextual significance. I'm young and have a lot to learn. Thank you!

Meanwhile, God bless! :)

gary said...

If you, Oh Anonymous commentor, are interested, you might want to check out modes of reading Lit that shift away from formalist assumptions. Of course, it would be good to know what the formalists thought -- the great name associated with the formalists, in the UK, is IA Richards. His book, Practical Criticism, has even given its name to the Unseen Poetry (rather a misnomer ...) section of the A levels. His basic premise is that a culturally educated individual WILL recognise certain formal qualities of the text (ranging from the various literary devices to different tropes ...) and thus the goal of literary criticism is to explicate these textual values. His US counterpart, is Cleaneth Brooks (I write of them in the present but they are all Dead White Men ...), whose books "The Well-Wrought Urn", an allusion to the Keats poem, positions art as the finished artifact for all to admire and discuss. It was these authors that suggested an author's intent is unimportant and the context of a work is less important than the timeless, universal qualities of art. Lit in schools, is then a process of enculturation. By reading and commenting correctly on "great art",one was supposed to BECOME cultured. The key writer that they point to? TS Eliot, who himself struggled with the relation between modern poetry and the "great tradition". His book of essays on the role of classic lit in influencing criticism, "The Sacred Wood" is also important.

Notice that the assumption in this response is this: all thought, all ideas have a HISTORY. Ideas and abstractions are not neutral, rising above the ideologies and influences of their time. The irony of the New Critics is that they were augmenting a form of criticism that preceded them, bibliographic-historical criticism, which focussed very much on how far a book was influenced by an author's experiences / life in order to "improve" the scientific validity of literary criticism. In the process, they enshrined their methodology as THE approach to take.

The value of New Criticism is that it teaches close reading. But critics and writers after the 1950s (partly because of the Holocaust, the emergence of the New Left and De-colonialisation) felt that New Criticism disenfranchised the majority of the reading public and made literature the purview of the WASP community. So beginning with the Frankfrut(?) school in Germany and the French critics, more radical views of how texts work have emerged.

You mentioned "genre" comparisons -- that's an important concept. Because immediately after the new critics, in an attempt to universalise culture, some literary critics adopted an approach which is now called "structuralism". The most prominent of them is/was a Canadian critic, Northrop Frye (they have these fantastic names), who believed that all literature fit into a catalogue of "archetypal" structures and tropes. He actually catalogued these various archetypes and tried to show how these archetypes were found in ALL cultures. He was heavily influenced by a French anthropologist, Claude Levi-Strauss (nothing to do with the jeans), who believed that the practices of human cultures could be placed into structural relationships. While this was a little more inclusive than strict formalism, it gradually came under attack for placing too much faith in hermeneutically sealed readings (or misreadings) of culture and literature. So "structuralism" became replaced by a host of reading theories that conveniently fall under the umbrella term "post-structuralism", which is a critical stance that is often used synonomously with "post-modernism".

And that is a whole other story.

Anonymous said...

Thank you for that, I shall read through what you wrote more carefully later. I feel very young and inadequate right now, but I suppose this is a promise I will never stagnate. God bless.

gary said...

well -- the intent wasn't to make you feel "young" and the rest of it ... and I do apologise for sounding curt ... the great thing about this stuff is that one can never be sure if one has really gotten a handle on it and yet there are so many ways to discuss it that it's accessible to just about everyone ... I'm sure you'll find the entire area of critical theory supremely intriguing ...

Anonymous said...

No, I wasnt at all perturbed by you sounding curt, you sounded fine. Thank you for that exposure. It indeed adds many new dimensions. I am young and inadequate, that I knew before already anyway. Im only in secondary school, and although I am set on going into sciences in the future, I am also interested in literature, and I feel your blog and the above comments have intrigued me a great deal. Thanks, I really gained more than expected.

Anonymous said...

Hello Mr Lim!
Audrey here!
well it seems as if new york is doing u some good(arguable) since u sound a lot less sarcastic now..
It seem as if the your're learning quite a bit from the difference in culture etc..
anw can i haf ur add pls? i wont sent u hate mail.. jus a card.. =)

Chellie said...

hey mr lim! i thought u were going there to study? -huh-?? i'm totally blur anyway.. life there sounds cool, albeit all the racial tension n stuff.. hope u do well n have fun ehh? :D ur quirks with ur students are just damn funny lar.. anyway, alot of pple in rv asked abt u the last time i went back.. guess you're missed! btw, some of ur "kids" are having GP paper tomorrow.. oh well, cheerioz~ take care~!! :D

*Harris said...

*Applause*
No hunk, I didn't feel left out in your entry, but I did feel that way in the verbal banter that ensued after that. -wink- if you call that a verbal banter, or some merry war of wit.
Anyway, to the young and immature mr anonymous (self proclaimed as it is), you wouldn't know the essence of the word 'hunk' would you, yet you happily gone on with your "ewww how proletarian". Well, if I had my way, I'd build a statue of Mr Lim, like what they did in the Soviet Union with Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov. But to build a statue of such grandeur would only raise the standards to celestial standards, as with the Stakhanovite debate after that.
So young friend, be a sport yeah.. It's just a term of affection. Nothing for you to show that you know words with four or more syllables.

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